What is the significance of Kretschmann and Otto configuration?

It is shown that a combination of the Kretschmann and Otto configurations on a single asymmetric multilayer structure can be used for excitation of the plasmon–polariton resonances. Parameters of such a structure are optimized for the maximum excitation efficiency of the surface plasmon–polaritons.

What is Otto configuration?

In the Otto arrangement (2),(3) there is a distance between the metal and the TIR surface (A). The space is filled with a lower refractive index medium. This configuration is useful in the study of SPR in solid phase media.

What is meant by plasmon resonance?

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the collective oscillation of conduction band electrons that are in resonance with the oscillating electric field of incident light, which will produce energetic plasmonic electrons through non-radiative excitation.

What is SPR technique?

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding analysis methodology is used to study molecular interactions (1, 2). SPR is an optical technique for detecting the interaction of two different molecules in which one is mobile and one is fixed on a thin gold film (1).

Why is surface plasmon resonance important?

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has become an important optical biosensing technology in the areas of biochemistry, biology, and medical sciences because of its real-time, label-free, and noninvasive nature.

What is the use of surface plasmon resonance What does it measure and how does it measure it?

Surface plasmon resonance or SPR is an optical effect that can be utilized to measure the binding of molecules in real-time without the use of labels. SPR instruments are primarily used to measure the binding kinetics and affinity of molecular interactions.

What is Kretschmann configuration?

Kretschmann configuration is one way of the prism coupling method, the other way called Otto setup. In prism coupling method light is incident oblique to the metal/dielectric interface using a mechanical system and the prism.

What is meant by plasmon?

In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. Thus, plasmons are collective (a discrete number) oscillations of the free electron gas density.

What is surface plasmon resonance discuss with example?

Surface plasmon resonance or SPR is an optical effect that can be utilized to measure the binding of molecules in real-time without the use of labels. SPR can be used, for example, to measure the binding between two proteins, a protein and an antibody, DNA and a protein, and many more.

What is SPR effect?

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the manifestation of a resonance effect due to the interaction of conduction electrons of metal nanoparticles with incident photons. The interaction relies on the size and shape of the metal nanoparticles and on the nature and composition of the dispersion medium.

What are the advantages of surface plasmon resonance based biosensors?

Surface plasmon resonance can be used to test crude samples for applications such as serum analysis. Avoiding the time and cost associated with purifying samples can be a major advantage compared with other techniques.

What is Kretschmann configuration in surface plasmon resonance?

Surface plasmon resonance can be excited by Kretschmann and Otto Configuration. In Kretschmann configuration, metal thin film directly is deposited in the prism. The metal that usually used is silver, gold and aluminum. and then the thickness of metal is about 50 nm.

How is the Kretschmann configuration used in SPR?

Background The Kretschmann configuration (4) is used in most SPR applications (Figure 1), where a metal (usually silver or gold) film is placed at the interface of two dielectric media. Medium 1 with higher refractive index (n1) is a prism and the medium 2 with lower refractive index (n2) can be the air or the solutions of interest.

What kind of metal is used in Kretschmann configuration?

In Kretschmann configuration, metal thin film directly is deposited in the prism. The metal that usually used is silver, gold and aluminum. and then the thickness of metal is about 50 nm.

When to use multi parametric surface plasmon resonance?

Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance, a special configuration of SPR, can be used to characterize layers and stacks of layers. Besides binding kinetics, MP-SPR can also provide information on structural changes in terms of layer true thickness and refractive index.