What is toxicokinetic explain its relevance in toxicology?

What is toxicokinetic explain its relevance in toxicology?

Toxicokinetics is the generation of pharmacokinetic data as a part of various toxicity studies in order to assess systemic exposure. The measurement of peak and total exposure in these studies helps to determine the relationship between the toxicological effects and the exposure.

What is toxicokinetic study?

Toxicokinetics refers to the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism/biotransformation, and excretion (ADME) of toxicants/xenobiotics in relation to time.

What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics?

Pharmacokinetics generally deals with doses that are in a therapeutic range. Thus common dose ranges will include the no pharmacologic effect level on the low end, and the maximum pharmacologic effect level on the high end. Toxicokinetics is the study of systemic exposure during toxicological experiments.

What is the difference between toxicology and toxicokinetics?

The science of toxicology has evolved to include environmental and occupational chemicals as well as drugs. Toxicokinetics is thus the appropriate term for the study of the kinetics of all substances at toxic dose/exposure levels.

Why is toxicokinetics important?

The primary purpose of toxicokinetic studies is to deter mine the rate, extent and duration ofsystemic exposure of the test animal species to the test compound at the different dose levels employed during toxicity studies and to pro vide data for direct comparison with human exposure to the test compound.

What is xenobiotic chemical?

Xenobiotic is a term used to describe chemical substances that are foreign to animal life and thus includes such examples as plant constituents, drugs, pesticides, cosmetics, flavorings, fragrances, food additives, industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants.

What is safety pharmacology studies?

1.5 Definition Of Safety Pharmacology For the purpose of this document, safety pharmacology studies are defined as those studies that investigate the potential undesirable pharmacodynamic effects of a substance on physiological functions in relation to exposure in the therapeutic range and above.

What is the difference between PK and PD?

The difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is that pharmacokinetics (PK) is defined as the movement of drugs through the body, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is defined as the body’s biological response to drugs. PD describes drug response in terms of biochemical or molecular interactions.

What is the meaning of toxicokinetics?

Toxicokinetics (TK) is defined as the generation of pharmacokinetic (PK) data, either as an integral component in the conduct of nonclinical toxicity studies or in specifically designed supportive studies to assess systemic exposure.

What is the difference between toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics?

Toxicokinetics describes how a toxicant (i.e., a poison) enters the body and reaches a target tissue. Toxicodynamics describes what happens to that tissue once the toxicant reaches an effective dose. Susceptibility to toxicants changes during development.

Why do we need to study Ecotoxicology?

Ecotoxicologists help to protect the environment and existing ecosystems for future generations and they make an important contributions to protecting food resources in agriculture, aquaculture and fishing around the world.

Which is the best definition of toxicokinetics ( TK )?

Toxicokinetics (TK) is defined as the generation of pharmacokinetic (PK) data, either as an integral component in the conduct of nonclinical toxicity studies or in specifically designed supportive studies to assess systemic exposure.

Where does toxicokinetics occur in the real world?

Real world environmental exposures generally occur as low level mixtures, such as from air, water, food, or tobacco products. Mixture effects may differ from individual chemical toxicokinetic profiles because of chemical interactions, synergistic, or competitive processes.

What is the definition of toxicokinetics in Ich?

Toxicokinetics is defined in ICH Guideline S3A as ‘the generation of pharmacokinetic data, either as an integral component in the conduct of non-clinical toxicity studies, or in specially designed supportive studies, in order to assess systemic exposure’.

How are toxicokinetic data used in clinical studies?

Toxicokinetic data helps to determine the appropriate species, study design, and treatment regimen in subsequent non-clinical toxicity studies. Toxicokinetic information also helps in evaluating the impact of a proposed change in the clinical route of administration [8,20].