What is used in synthesis of anthraquinone?

anthraquinone and 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone have been synthesized using mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and boric acid. All these derivatives have been synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation between benzene derivatives and phthalic anhydride.

How is anthraquinone produced?

Anthraquinone and other oxygenated PAHs are formed from direct combustion processes (see Table 1.2) or the degradation of PAHs by atmospheric oxidants (Layshock et al., 2010). Specifically, anthraquinone is formed from anthracene through photolytic and biodegradation processes (HSDB, 2006).

What is used to make anthraquinone an important dyestuff intermediate?

Synthetic anthraquinone dyes An important intermediate product for many acid anthraquinone dyes is bromamic acid (1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid) (6), which can be obtained from 1-aminoanthraquinone (4) by sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid and subsequent bromination.

Which substance is used as dehydrating agent in the preparation of anthraquinone from anthracene?

The acid thus formed is subjected to an intramolecular condensation by contacting with a dehydrating agent such as sulfuric acid or phosphorus pentoxide to produce the desired anthraquinone.

How does anthracene turn into anthraquinone?

Anthracene is efficiently converted into anthraquinone (L) by oxidation with, for example, chromic anhydride in acetic acid. It is manufactured extensively in this way for use as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyestuffs.

Which drug contains anthraquinone?

ANTHRAQUINONES AS DRUGS Examples of anthraquinone derivatives that are used in the clinical practice include anthra- cyclines and related anticancer drugs, natural hydroxyanthraquinones used mainly as laxatives, and the antiinflammatory drug diacerein (Table I; Figs. 2, 4, and 5).

What are the uses of 1-aminoanthraquinone derivatives?

1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE. Its derivatives are widely used as intermediates for dyes, pigments, photographic chemicals, and paints. Anthraquinone is used in paper industry as a catalyst to increase the pulp production yield and to improves the fiber strength through reduction reaction of cellulose to carboxylic acid.

What kind of crystal is 1 aminoanthraquinone?

1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE. Anthraquinone, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing two opposite carbonyl groups (C=O) at 9,10 position, is yellow or light gray to gray-green crystal powder; insoluble in water. , In nature, it occurs in plants (aloe, cascara sagrada, senna, and rhubarb), fungi, lichens, and insects as a parent material…

How is anthraquinone used in the paper industry?

Anthraquinone is used in paper industry as a catalyst to increase the pulp production yield and to improves the fiber strength through reduction reaction of cellulose to carboxylic acid. Natural anthraquinones have cathartic properties.

Which is the oldest mordant dye, alizarin or anthraquinone?

One of the oldest mordant dye, alizarin, is the anthraquinone derivative. Anthraquinone is a starting material for the production of coloring compounds, antioxidants, and polymerization inhibitors. Its derivatives are widely used as intermediates for dyes, pigments, photographic chemicals, and paints.