What is Chondrogenic medium?

ChondroLife™ Complete Chondrogenesis Frozen Medium is a new medium optimized for the differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into chondrocytes. Antimicrobials are not required, but are recommended during differentiation due to the duration of culture and the frequency of handling of the cultures.

What is chondrogenic differentiation?

Chondrogenic Induction. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes under specific culture conditions. Together with these physical culture conditions, a defined culture medium containing TGF-β1 is required to achieve chondrogenic differentiation (18, 19, 78).

What are the stages of Chondrogenesis?

ESC chondrogenesis can be characterized by five main stages of cellular, extracellular and molecular events: (1) Condensation of differentiated ESCs, (2) Differentiation into chondrocytes and fibril scaffold formation, (3) ECM deposition and cartilage formation, (4) Hypertrophy and degradation of cartilage, and (5) …

Are chondrocytes mesenchymal cells?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts (bone cells), neurones (nerve cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells), and adipocytes (fat cells).

What do mesenchymal cells do?

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including umbilical cord, bone marrow and fat tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells can self-renew by dividing and can differentiate into multiple tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle and fat cells, and connective tissue.

How do chondrocytes differentiate?

Chondrocytes communicate with each other mainly via diffusible signals rather than direct cell-to-cell contact. The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well regulated by the interactions of varieties of growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules.

What is osteogenic differentiation?

Osteogenic Differentiation of Human/Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are functionally defined by their capacity to self renew and their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes.

What are the steps of bone formation?

The process of bone formation is called osteogenesis or ossification. After progenitor cells form osteoblastic lines, they proceed with three stages of development of cell differentiation, called proliferation, maturation of matrix, and mineralization.

Are chondrocytes stem cells?

Chondrocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, and Their Combination in Articular Cartilage Regenerative Medicine.

What would happen if the mesenchymal cells differentiate into Chondroblasts chondrocytes?

Mesenchyme tissue differentiates into chondroblasts and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix (ECM). These condrogenic cells then differentiate to chondroblasts, which will then synthesize the cartilage ECM.

What kind of drugs are used in chondrogenic culture?

Sodium ascorbate and dexamethasone have been used in several studies in chondrogenic medium culture.

How are chondrogenic cells resuspended in culture?

The cells are then resuspended in complete chondrogenic media, comprising incomplete chondrogenic media supplemented with10 ng/mL of TGF-β3 and pelleted by centrifugation at 500 g for 8 min. The pellets are maintained in culture with 1 pellet/tube in 1 mL of complete medium.

What kind of dmam to use for chondrogenic differentiation?

DMAM:F12 (1:1 mix), with 1x ITS, 100 µM ascorbic acid, 100 nM dexamethasone, 40 μg/ml proline (Sigma), 1% antibiotics, 10% serum. Important to note for you may be that to get chondrogenic differentiation you want the cells to be in a 3D environment, or at least NOT attached in 2D to a stiff substrate.

How does miR-23b promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs?

Along similar lines, miR-23b promotes chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through downregulation of PKA signaling.