What is corectopia?

Corectopia, defined as the displacement of the center of the pupil away from the center of the cornea, is usually encountered within the realm of Ophthalmology.

What causes Axenfeld syndrome?

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome results from mutations in at least two known genes, PITX2 and FOXC1. PITX2 gene mutations cause type 1, and FOXC1 gene mutations cause type 3. The gene associated with type 2 is likely located on chromosome 13, but it has not been identified.

Is corectopia genetic?

This is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a mutation in the FOXC1, a transcription factor gene located at 6p25.

Does corectopia affect vision?

Patients frequently present with decreased vision and pain. Iris abnormalities are not typical. Corneal edema and blurred vision are often worse upon awakening in the early stage of the disease. Later in the disease, the corneal edema, decreased vision, and pain may persist throughout the day.

How do you get hyphema?

A hyphema is most often caused by blunt trauma to the eye. In children and adolescents the most common cause is from sports or recreational activities. It can also occur as a result of surgery inside the eye or an abnormality of blood vessels inside the eye.

Can axenfeld Rieger syndrome be cured?

Treatment of Rieger syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Drug therapy is the primary treatment for glaucoma, usually consisting of eye drops. Laser surgery is usually reserved for those patients in whom the pressure in the eye is not relieved by medications.

What is axenfeld anomaly?

Axenfeld’s anomaly is a bilateral disorder characterized by a prominent, anteriorly displaced. Schwalbe’s line (posterior embryotoxon) and peripheral iris strands which span the anterior chamber angle to attach to Schwalbe’s line.

What causes Emmetropia?

What causes emmetropia? Emmetropia occurs when there is perfect balance between the length and the optical power of the eye. Not much is known about why some people’s eyes develop with this ideal balance while others’ eyes develop a bit long or short.

What is Hypotropia of the eye?

Vertical strabismus is termed hypotropia (downward turn of the eye) or hypertropia (upward turn of the eye). Therefore, hypotropia is a form of vertical strabismus where one eye deviates downwards in comparison to the other eye.

What does it mean if your pupil is not round?

When your pupils are different sizes, it is called anisocoria and there are several different causes. Sometimes your pupils will return back to their normal size without need for treatment, but you should seek medical attention if the condition persists or has followed a head trauma or injury.

What are the cases of congenital corectopia in children?

We present a case series of five children with congenital corectopia without any associated ocular cause: three had chromosomal abnormalities; one a probable prenatal diplegia, and one bilateral perisylvian dysplasia with vermian and midbrain hypoplasia.

What does it mean to have bilateral corectopia?

Bilateral congenital corectopia is an ophthalmic sign that merits chromosomal analysis and neuro-developmental assessment. 1. Introduction Corectopia describes the displacement of one or both pupils from the centre in any direction, most commonly nasally and either up or down.

How is acquired corectopia related to poor prognosis?

Acquired corectopia has been reported with severe midbrain damage and is reported to correlate with a poor prognosis. 5, 17 Damage to midbrain pupillary fibres means there is partial innervation of the pupil by the Edinger–Westphal nucleus, giving rise to unequal upward and inward distortion of the pupil.

What causes iris stromal defects and corectopia?

Contraction of the retained endothelium causes corectopia and iris stromal defects. If peripheral iris strands are adherent to the anterior chamber along with the presence of posterior embryotoxon the condition is known as Axenfeld’s anomaly.