What is the difference between honk and DKA?

The key distinction between DKA and HONK seems to be the fact that in HONk, there is still enough insulin to overcome the ketogenic effects of glucagon. Glucagon inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which normally converts acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA.

What is diabetic honk?

Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma is a dangerous condition brought on by very high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes (above 33 mmol/L). Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma is a short term complication requiring immediate treatment by a healthcare professional.

What are the ten symptoms of ketoacidosis?

These include:

Fatigue, which can be severe.
Nausea and/or vomiting.
Abdominal pain.
Flushing of the skin.
Dry skin.
Fruity odor to the breath, caused by ketones.
Difficulty breathing.
Mental status changes, including confusion or problems with concentration.

What is the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome?

DKA typically evolves within a few hours, whereas HHNS is much slower and occurs over days to weeks, according to 2021 research . The two conditions look similar because of the hyperglycemia component of each condition. Knowing the symptoms of each can help you seek medical care as soon as possible.

What is the medical abbreviation honk?

This clinical condition was formerly called non-ketotic hyperglycemic coma; hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome, and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HONK).[1]

What is the standard treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

Treatment typically includes: Fluids given through a vein (intravenously) to treat dehydration. Insulin given through a vein (intravenously) to lower your blood sugar levels. Potassium and sometimes sodium phosphate replacement given through a vein (intravenously) to help your cells function correctly.

What causes DKA?

DKA develops when your body doesn’t have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into your cells for use as energy. Instead, your liver breaks down fat for fuel, a process that produces acids called ketones. When too many ketones are produced too fast, they can build up to dangerous levels in your body.

What happens during diabetic ketoacidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when the body starts breaking down fat at a rate that is much too fast. The liver processes the fat into a fuel called ketones, which causes the blood to become acidic.

What is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

The most common causes are underlying infection, disruption of insulin treatment, and new onset of diabetes. (See Etiology.) DKA is defined clinically as an acute state of severe uncontrolled diabetes associated with ketoacidosis that requires emergency treatment with insulin and intravenous fluids.

What is the most common cause of ketoacidosis?

The most common causes of DKA are: missing an insulin injection or not injecting enough insulin. illness or infection. a clog in one’s insulin pump (for people who are using one)

What are the symptoms of ketones?

Symptoms of ketone build up include:

Thirst.
Regular urination.
Nausea.
Dehydration.
Heavy breathing.
Dilated pupils.
Mental confusion (rare)
Breath may also smell of fruit.

What is the difference between Honk and diabetic ketoacidosis?

Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia (HONK) are hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar states and represent the acute hyperglycaemic complications of diabetes. DKA is caused by absolute insulin deficiency and is usually seen in the context of type 1 diabetes.

What’s the difference between DKA and HHNS?

INTRODUCTION Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS, also known as hyperosmotic hyperglycemic nonketotic state [HHNK]) are two of the most serious acute complications of diabetes. DKA is characterized by ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia, while HHS usually has more severe hyperglycemia but no ketoacidosis (table 1).

What’s the mortality rate for honk honk diabetes?

HONK HONK has a mortality of 50%. This is partly because HONK has an insidious, gradual onset but is also because 60% of cases occur in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, affecting an older population with more significant co-morbidities.

When to start 5% dextrose for DKA / Honk?

When glucose is under 15mmol/L, Oh’s Manual recommends to start 5% dextrose 100-250ml/hr, as well as some other sort of sodium-containing fluid to prevent hyponatremia. With this regimen, for a 70kg DKA/HONK patient, one ends up giving about 1.5-3L in the first 3 hours.